專題：對話ESG全球領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者

　　文 | 新浪財(cái)經(jīng) 李欣然

　　在氣候變化深刻重塑世界格局、可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)進(jìn)程面臨嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)的今天，如何通過系統(tǒng)性變革推動(dòng)全球向綠色、韌性、包容的未來轉(zhuǎn)型，已成為國際社會(huì)的核心議題?；A(chǔ)設(shè)施作為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)運(yùn)行的基石，既是溫室氣體排放的主要來源，也是實(shí)現(xiàn)氣候行動(dòng)與發(fā)展目標(biāo)的關(guān)鍵載體；AI等新興技術(shù)既帶來能效革命的機(jī)遇，也潛藏著加劇不平等的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；而全球治理在資金、政策與實(shí)施之間的多重缺口，更凸顯了從承諾到落地之間的艱難跨越。

　　在這一復(fù)雜背景下，新浪財(cái)經(jīng)對話了聯(lián)合國副秘書長兼聯(lián)合國項(xiàng)目事務(wù)署（United Nations Office for Project Services，以下簡稱UNOPS）執(zhí)行主任豪爾赫·莫雷拉?達(dá)席爾瓦（Jorge Moreira da Silva）。他基于UNOPS在全球項(xiàng)目實(shí)施一線的豐富經(jīng)驗(yàn)，從基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施轉(zhuǎn)型、技術(shù)治理、實(shí)施效能與國際合作等多個(gè)維度，系統(tǒng)闡述了當(dāng)前全球可持續(xù)發(fā)展進(jìn)程中的關(guān)鍵挑戰(zhàn)與破局路徑。

基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施決策的轉(zhuǎn)型機(jī)遇：整合氣候目標(biāo)與發(fā)展需求

　　莫雷拉?達(dá)席爾瓦強(qiáng)調(diào)，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施一方面造成了約79%的溫室氣體排放、消耗了88%的氣候適應(yīng)資金，另一方面它也影響著高達(dá)92%的聯(lián)合國可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。莫雷拉?達(dá)席爾瓦指出，為達(dá)成《巴黎協(xié)定》和可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)，必須在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的規(guī)劃、交付和管理方式上立即開展根本性變革。在莫雷拉?達(dá)席爾瓦看來，當(dāng)今的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施選擇將決定各社區(qū)能否引領(lǐng)世界走向更可持續(xù)、更具韌性與包容的未來。

　　莫雷拉?達(dá)席爾瓦認(rèn)為，當(dāng)前存在一個(gè)獨(dú)特機(jī)遇，可使基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施決策與全球及國家氣候目標(biāo)保持一致。這需要納入包容性、基于權(quán)利的氣候行動(dòng)，以推進(jìn)氣候適應(yīng)工作，加速向低碳未來轉(zhuǎn)型，并確保不讓任何人掉隊(duì)。莫雷拉?達(dá)席爾瓦進(jìn)一步指出，基于自然的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施解決方案有助于應(yīng)對可持續(xù)發(fā)展挑戰(zhàn)和“三重地球危機(jī)”，因?yàn)榛谧匀坏慕鉀Q方案能對聯(lián)合國17項(xiàng)可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)中高達(dá)79%的具體目標(biāo)產(chǎn)生積極影響。

　　莫雷拉?達(dá)席爾瓦著重闡明，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施是清潔能源轉(zhuǎn)型的關(guān)鍵，并強(qiáng)調(diào)必須顯著降低其碳足跡，支持能源、交通、建筑等領(lǐng)域的脫碳進(jìn)程。莫雷拉?達(dá)席爾瓦表示，聯(lián)合國項(xiàng)目事務(wù)署致力于通過多方協(xié)作確保人人獲得可負(fù)擔(dān)的可持續(xù)能源，并以公正、包容、公平的方式支持遠(yuǎn)離化石燃料的轉(zhuǎn)型行動(dòng)。最后莫雷拉?達(dá)席爾瓦指出，依托其在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施領(lǐng)域的核心職能，聯(lián)合國項(xiàng)目事務(wù)署正協(xié)助合作伙伴設(shè)計(jì)、建造、修復(fù)和維護(hù)符合社區(qū)需求、支撐國家發(fā)展重點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，確保其與聯(lián)合國可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)及《巴黎協(xié)定》保持高度協(xié)同。

　　AI的下一程：機(jī)遇、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)與包容性治理

　　莫雷拉?達(dá)席爾瓦強(qiáng)調(diào)，清潔能源轉(zhuǎn)型與AI的興起密切相關(guān)。他指出，全球數(shù)據(jù)中心對能源的需求將顯著增加，但同時(shí)AI也為降低能源行業(yè)成本、提升競爭力、減少排放提供了重要機(jī)遇。莫雷拉?達(dá)席爾瓦指出，一份新的聯(lián)合國報(bào)告強(qiáng)調(diào)，盡管人工智能為發(fā)展帶來了重大機(jī)遇，但各國在把握其效益和管理風(fēng)險(xiǎn)方面處于極不平等的起跑線上。他進(jìn)一步表示，占世界人口55%以上的亞太地區(qū)正處于這一轉(zhuǎn)型的核心位置，并警示道：若缺乏合乎倫理且包容的治理，AI可能通過擴(kuò)大經(jīng)濟(jì)、技能和治理體系等方面的差距，加劇全球不平等。

　　莫雷拉?達(dá)席爾瓦主張，我們必須將創(chuàng)新和技術(shù)作為促進(jìn)包容而非割裂的工具。他強(qiáng)調(diào)，從數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)到AI的數(shù)字解決方案，為擴(kuò)大服務(wù)覆蓋面和加速可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供了強(qiáng)大機(jī)遇。然而莫雷拉?達(dá)席爾瓦同時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)，必須以公平為核心，對這些技術(shù)進(jìn)行負(fù)責(zé)任的管理。

　　彌合全球治理缺口：構(gòu)建以實(shí)施為核心的可持續(xù)發(fā)展新范式

　　莫雷拉?達(dá)席爾瓦指出，政策和資金缺口固然阻礙了可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)的推進(jìn)，但同樣嚴(yán)峻的實(shí)施缺口卻長期被忽視，未獲應(yīng)有的關(guān)注。他指出，雄心壯志與為社區(qū)提供切實(shí)成果的集體能力之間，存在日益擴(kuò)大的鴻溝。莫雷拉?達(dá)席爾瓦認(rèn)為，資金困境仍是癥結(jié)所在：國際金融秩序碎片橫生、不公依舊，難以匹配今日挑戰(zhàn)的復(fù)合性與緊迫性。由此，資源遲遲無法流向最需要的角落——那些脆弱、易受氣候重創(chuàng)的國家，其發(fā)展成果正面臨最嚴(yán)峻的回潮風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

　　莫雷拉?達(dá)席爾瓦進(jìn)一步指出，許多處于氣候危機(jī)前沿的發(fā)展中國家正更深地陷入債務(wù)驅(qū)動(dòng)的發(fā)展危機(jī)。他強(qiáng)調(diào)，若不改革全球金融秩序，實(shí)現(xiàn)氣候與發(fā)展目標(biāo)將無從談起。然而，莫雷拉?達(dá)席爾瓦認(rèn)為，將焦點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)嵤┉h(huán)節(jié)同樣至關(guān)重要。他主張，我們必須超越短期項(xiàng)目周期，投資于能夠幫助各國可持續(xù)地規(guī)劃、籌資和實(shí)施的管理體系。這意味著要加強(qiáng)制度建設(shè)，支持國家能力發(fā)展，并確保每一分支出都能構(gòu)建長期韌性、降低脆弱性。

　　莫雷拉?達(dá)席爾瓦著重指出，UNOPS的核心承諾正是圍繞實(shí)施環(huán)節(jié)展開。他通過日常觀察看到，切實(shí)的實(shí)施支持能夠帶來顯著改變。UNOPS通過其工作，幫助各國設(shè)計(jì)和提供具備韌性、可持續(xù)且包容的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施；建立透明高效的采購體系；并發(fā)展有效管理復(fù)雜項(xiàng)目所需的技術(shù)與制度能力。莫雷拉?達(dá)席爾瓦表示，通過這樣的工作，UNOPS為可持續(xù)發(fā)展扎根和繁榮創(chuàng)造了條件。

　　展望未來，莫雷拉?達(dá)席爾瓦呼吁把“風(fēng)險(xiǎn)驅(qū)動(dòng)的韌性”置于核心：基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施與系統(tǒng)必須經(jīng)得住沖擊、扛得下壓力。基于自然、低碳的方案，是同時(shí)破解氣候與發(fā)展難題的鑰匙。數(shù)字化浪潮呼嘯而來，也為公共投資與服務(wù)帶來前所未有的透明、問責(zé)和效率。歸根結(jié)底，全球須以更緊密的團(tuán)結(jié)作答——唯有共享工具、共籌資源、共筑伙伴，發(fā)展中國家才能穩(wěn)穩(wěn)托起屬于自己的可持續(xù)未來。

　　全球氣候行動(dòng)中的中國角色與南南合作新機(jī)遇

　　莫雷拉·達(dá)席爾瓦強(qiáng)調(diào)了全球共同應(yīng)對氣候變化和推動(dòng)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的緊迫性，指出中國在加速實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)進(jìn)程中的作用至關(guān)重要。他表示，UNOPS致力于支持包容性發(fā)展、氣候韌性和可持續(xù)解決方案。莫雷拉·達(dá)席爾瓦特別指出，中國是UNOPS重要的發(fā)展合作伙伴，雙方多年來攜手深化南南合作。隨著伙伴關(guān)系持續(xù)拓展，UNOPS期待將共同愿景轉(zhuǎn)化為協(xié)同行動(dòng)，推動(dòng)綠色、包容、有韌性的發(fā)展，為可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)作出實(shí)質(zhì)性貢獻(xiàn)。

　　以下為英文原文：

The Transformative Opportunity in Infrastructure Decision-Making: Aligning Climate Goals with Development Needs

Moreira da Silva emphasizes that infrastructure is responsible for an estimated 79% of all greenhouse gas emissions and 88% of all adaptation costs, while also underpinning the SDGs by influencing up to 92% of their targets. Moreira da Silva points out that to meet the Paris Agreement and the SDGs, immediate and radical change is required in how infrastructure is planned, delivered, and managed. In Moreira da Silva's view, the infrastructure choices made today will determine whether communities can drive a more sustainable, resilient, and inclusive world.

Moreira da Silva believes there is a unique opportunity now to align infrastructure decisions with global and national climate goals. This entails integrating inclusive and rights-based climate action that advances adaptation, accelerates the transition to a low-carbon future, and ensures no one is left behind. Moreira da Silva further notes that natural infrastructure solutions can help address sustainable development challenges and the triple planetary crisis, as nature-based solutions can influence up to 79% of SDG targets across all 17 Goals.

Moreira da Silva underscores that infrastructure is key to the clean energy transition, highlighting the clear need to reduce its carbon footprint and support the decarbonization of sectors such as energy, transport, and buildings. Moreira da Silva states that UNOPS is committed to the collaborative effort required to provide access to energy for all, supporting implementation actions to transition away from fossil fuels in a just, inclusive, and equitable way. Finally, Moreira da Silva points out that with its core mandate in infrastructure, UNOPS helps partners design, construct, rehabilitate, and maintain infrastructure that responds to community needs and supports national development priorities, in line with the SDGs and the Paris Agreement on climate change.

The Next Phase of AI: Navigating Opportunities, Risks, and Inclusive Governance

Moreira da Silva emphasizes that the clean energy transition is closely tied with the rise of AI. He points out that data centres around the world will have significantly increased energy needs, yet AI also holds major opportunities to cut costs, enhance competitiveness, and reduce emissions across the energy sector. Moreira da Silva highlights a new UN report that while AI offers major opportunities for development, countries are starting from vastly unequal positions in capturing its benefits and managing its risks. Moreira da Silva further notes that Asia and the Pacific - home to over 55% of the world's population - sit at the heart of this transition, and warns that without ethical and inclusive governance, AI could deepen global inequality by widening gaps in economies, skills, and governance systems.

Moreira da Silva believes we must embrace innovation and technology as tools for inclusion, not division. He stresses that digital solutions, from data systems to artificial intelligence, offer powerful opportunities to expand access to services and accelerate sustainable development. However, Moreira da Silva underscores that they must be governed responsibly, with equity at the centre of such governance.

Bridging the Global Governance Gap: Forging a New Implementation-Centered Paradigm for Sustainable Development

Moreira da Silva emphasizes that while policy and financing gaps clearly hinder progress towards the SDGs, a significant implementation gap also persists without receiving due attention. He points out that there is a widening divide between ambitions and the collective capacity to deliver tangible results for communities. In Moreira da Silva's view, finance remains a key issue, as the international financial architecture is fragmented, inequitable, and ill-suited to the integrated nature of today's challenges. Consequently, resources do not flow where they are most needed—particularly to fragile and climate-vulnerable states, where development gains face the greatest risk of reversal.

Moreira da Silva further notes that many developing countries on the frontline of the climate crisis are sinking deeper into a debt-driven development crisis. He stresses that delivering on climate and development goals will be impossible without reforming global financial structures. However, Moreira da Silva believes it is equally crucial to shift focus toward implementation. He argues that we must move beyond short-term project cycles and invest in systems that enable countries to plan, finance, and implement sustainably. This means strengthening institutions, supporting national capacities, and ensuring that every dollar spent builds long-term resilience and reduces vulnerability.

Moreira da Silva highlights that at UNOPS, the commitment is firmly centered on implementation. He has seen daily how practical implementation support can make a meaningful difference. Through its work, UNOPS helps countries design and deliver resilient, sustainable, and inclusive infrastructure; establish transparent and efficient procurement systems; and develop the technical and institutional capacities needed to manage complex projects effectively. In doing so, Moreira da Silva notes that UNOPS helps create the conditions for sustainable development to take root and flourish.

Looking ahead, Moreira da Silva underscores the need to redouble focus on risk-informed and resilient development, where infrastructure and systems are designed to withstand shocks and stresses. He also emphasizes that nature-based and low-carbon solutions are key to addressing both climate and development challenges. At the same time, with digital transformation accelerating, Moreira da Silva points to the opportunity to strengthen transparency, accountability, and efficiency in public investment and service delivery. Ultimately, however, Moreira da Silva asserts that greater global solidarity is essential - so that developing countries have the tools, resources, and partnerships needed to drive their own sustainable futures.

China's Role in Global Climate Action and New Opportunities for South-South Cooperation

Moreira da Silva emphasizes the urgent need for joint global climate action and sustainable development, noting that China's role is pivotal in accelerating progress toward the SDGs. He points out that UNOPS is committed to supporting inclusive development, climate resilience, and sustainable solutions. Moreira da Silva underscores that China is a valued development partner for UNOPS, highlighting years of collaborative efforts to strengthen south-south cooperation. He adds that as the partnership continues to expand, we look forward to turning shared aspirations into concerted actions, advancing green, inclusive, and resilient development, and contributing meaningfully to the SDGs.